Some thoughts on art education

The International Society for Education Through Art (InSEA) has just published their 2018 Manifesto

Obviously it lists a set of beliefs, e.g. ‘Education through art inspires knowledge, appreciation and creation of culture’ or ‘Visual art education develops an understanding of creative practice through knowledge, understanding and production of art in contexts’ and some that are couched as instructions ‘All learners, regardless of age, nationality or background, should have entitlement and access to visual art education’ and ‘Educational programmes and curriculum models should prepare citizens with confident flexible intelligences, and creative verbal and non-verbal communication skills’ for example. All are apparently laudable, if open to interpretation, and may be true for some, most or all people but equally they may not. How do you define citizen, or for that matter culture?

In one statement the manifesto defines the nature of visual art education, saying that ‘Visual art education should be systematic and be provided over a number of years, as it is a developmental process. Learners should engage with ‘making’ alongside learning about art’. This statement raises questions for me. Is art a developmental process? Should it be systematic? What’s the system? And what about ‘making’? isn’t ‘making’ learning about art rather than, as is implied, a separate activity?

'Critical Studies?' 2018 WIP - Oil on Paper 120x90

‘Critical Studies?’ 2018 WIP – Oil on Paper 120×90 – underpainting

Further the manifesto suggests that ‘Visual art education opens possibilities and opportunities for learners to discover themselves, their creativity, values, ethics, societies and cultures.’ Isn’t that what education does, if we’re doing it right? The danger is that we identify visual arts as the place where learners develop all the skills linked to creative thinking and by doing so exclude creativity in other subjects. A good read on this is the recent article on the RSA website by Julian Astle which contrasts Sir Ken Robinson’s well known view on schools and creativity with that of Tim Leunig who, when working as Chief Scientific Advisor for the DfE, argued that “True creativity is based on knowledge which in turn is based on literacy”. I don’t think schools necessarily kill creativity, I think Ken Robinson’s argument is that the way we are educated stifles creativity. Tim Leung’s argument seems to be too specific to carry any weight and highlights that experiment means different things to scientists and artists. What schools do increasingly, and along with society as a whole, is hammer the individuality out of children, and only the strongest survive.

The manifesto is listed under ADVOCACY on the InSEA website, and in the UK at the moment, or at least in England, the arts lobby is beginning to gel around objections to successive governments’ marginalisation of creative subjects. In a capitalist society everything has to translate to a financial return, there is therefore no intrinsic value to an activity there is only value in trade, and ‘art’ activities are generally high risk in financial terms. Society (or if you like ‘culture’) therefore struggles to ascribe value to these activities, it is not easy to see where the ability to visually critique the actions of your local council, or paint a forget me not, is going to help you pay for the NHS. What has happened over the course of my career in education is that Visual art, and the arts in general, have become more and more the leisure activities of the well off.

So what? Does art education start with a notion of pedagogy or just with a gathering?

Art ought to be subversive, so the political situation is almost ideal now, and people almost invariably have an urge to transgress. Art should disrupt the status quo to highlight society and culture to itself as art is a mirror. The beauty of art education is that art is about failure. Through learning about art you develop resilience and we could all do with a bit more of that.

I would like to see an approach that isn’t certificated or examined except by portfolio or individual creation. It should be for everyone and take place in a forum where experience is shared, where you bring your knowledge and share it with a peer group who bring theirs. Where you identify what you want to learn and find people who have the skills or knowledge to share. Where you are challenged and can respond to that challenge without rancour.

More catching up

I’ve been making work around the area where I live for a while, in particular two new paintings in the last couple of months. So I thought it was worth gathering them together here.

Towards Tickhill Road from the bus stop.

Towards Tickhill Road from the bus stop.

This one is the reverse view of an earlier painting from a position down the road to the left of the above image.

Two trees Balby from Clayfields

Two trees Balby from Clayfields

I’ve also been working on a series of bus stop paintings, one painting straight to the surface without any drawing and the next drawn out to scale.

Wordsworth Avenue from the bus stop, 7:00 am

Wordsworth Avenue from the bus stop, 7:00 am

First Bus Stop painting. Wordsworth Avenue from Sandford Road at 7:12 am.

First Bus Stop painting. Wordsworth Avenue from Sandford Road at 7:12 am.

Finally a painting from my front window looking towards Byron Avenue.

View from the living room towards Byron Avenue.

View from the living room towards Byron Avenue.

These are beginning to build to a nice set of images, I’m thinking of painting pictures from all the bus stops leading into Doncaster.

Why I retired early

This will probably get read by three people, provided I count myself, so I’m posting it so I don’t forget. I’ll start with my experience of working in education through a few episodes. 

Phil Gibson using an adze,  some of you are asking what’s special about that? Others what’s an adze? In my experience the latter outweighs the former by a significant factor. When I started teaching at Leeds in nineteen ninety something Phil was my first line manager and he was effectively forced out of FE through incorporation, he was expensive and had an attitude to craft that eschewed targets. After he left he worked for a while on historic renovations, Phil was a designer furniture maker who had built his own house, and the job stopped when he used an adze to match new sections of beams to the sound parts of existing beams. All the other trades came to see an adze being used. 

Some years later I ran my own course at Leeds. The idea was to run a design foundation course, like a traditional FAD but with a focus on the practical over the conceptual. The other USP was that entry was post A Level but no previous art experience was required. What I felt, and still feel, is that education is a space where we teach people how to learn and let them loose on particular knowledge. Teaching in this scenario is about the environment you promote rather than the knowledge you dispense. The course started with 18 students, went to 48 then to 112 in three years, then settled back to 60 and I left to do an MA. A year later it closed. In the years I ran it we were inspected by Ofsted and slammed as our inspector had no idea what we were trying to do or why and no amount of explanation would enlighten him.

In the last few years as a manager I’ve juggled the pursuit of financial efficiency with retaining a skilled body of staff against a backdrop of government cuts, an agenda to ‘vocationalise’ arts and culture out of education into training and a pernicious limiting of people’s ability to extend themselves. My attitude of putting students first has led to my being criticised for overspending in every one of four years worth of quarterly performance reviews, through my spending too much on staff. I do not see myself as any kind of martyr regarding this, it’s simply fact. At the same time our Ofsted metrics were amongst the best in the country, more than 90% of our students achieved and progressed from a strongly working class area. I should add that the department became cheaper, but not more financially efficient, each year.

What led to my despair was the constant refrain of austerity, the refusal to view this a choice we make, the insensitivity to reality that measures hairdressing against catering against sculpture against business studies. I lost sleep worrying about whether to sacrifice the students experience by streamlining the staffing. So which skills I can lose as no longer fit for purpose, which resources I should dispose of, or whether I should scrap particular courses thus limiting the students opportunities. Eventually it wears you down, but this relentless pressure to reduce the cost of everything has been going on for all of my career.  What exacerbated it for me was the fact that for the last five years or so the opportunities available at school in Creative subjects have been cut back to such a degree that fewer of students each year have been choosing to follow these subjects in what used to be post compulsory education. 

In education at any level these days students are money, fewer students equals less money equals greater need for efficiency equals fewer choices to offer them, and repeat.

Alongside all of this has been the joy of learning alongside people who want to learn. Gradually they have become less prepared for the experience, less able to understand the act of learning, particularly how practical work translates into intellectual stimulus and progress and the sheer amount of physical and mental work required for that to happen. Increasingly students have an education that requires them to respond, so they await instructions and can carry them out diligently but cannot, in the main, make decisions for themselves – all but the best have had that knocked out of them (or have never had it developed into them). So it takes longer and longer to break down barriers to learning that are ingrained and for students to contribute effectively to their own and their peers learning. It meant that I had some staff whose horizons were limited to a narrow specialism rather than to a broad understanding – the idea that any art tutor could not teach drawing would have been anathema when I started – and who lacked the personal resource to develop when one of the, admittedly few, development opportunities arose.

So that’s why I took early retirement, which I can’t really afford, to find a way to reengage with the joy of working with people towards a common goal and to find ways to address the way the systems we run are denying opportunities for people to have the life that I have.

Oh, and also because I could!